中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
新一年首个偿债高峰来临 房企如何抓住融资“窗口期”?****** 2023年年初,各大机构相继披露2022年12月份以及全年的房企融资数据。总体来看,在融资环境日渐宽松的背景下,2022年12月份房企融资出现“翘尾”行情,但纵观全年数据,仍呈现不小幅度的下滑。据中指研究院统计数据显示,2022年全年,房地产行业共实现非银类融资8457.4亿元,同比下降50.7%。 2023年,仍是房企的偿债之年,特别是一季度,迎来首个偿债高峰。在业内人士看来,融资环境会持续宽松,企业要抓住融资窗口期,补充流动性,优化债务规模和结构。 2022年12月,房企融资出现“翘尾”行情,但全年数据仍呈现不小幅度的下滑。图/IC photo 上月房企融资规模大幅增长 据克而瑞统计数据显示,2022年12月,100家典型房企的融资总量为1018亿元,环比增加84.7%,同比增加33.4%,年内首次单月融资规模突破千亿。其中,12月房企债券发行了411.6亿元,环比增加92.2%,同比增加30.3%。 同策研究院监测的40家典型上市房企数据显示,2022年12月,40家房企共完成融资金额712.5亿元,环比上升125.03%。其中,债权融资金额为580.44亿元,占总融资金额比重为81.47%,环比上升140.65%;股权融资金额为132.06亿元,占总融资金额比重为18.53%,环比上升75.07%。 对于2022年底融资规模的大幅增长,同策研究院分析称,继2022年11月“三箭齐发”,从信贷、债券、股权三个融资渠道为房地产企业提供政策支持之后,12月房地产融资大幅反弹,迎来仅次于3月份的融资小高峰,虽未达到2020年平均水平,但高于2021年均值。同时,面对即将到来的春节假期,大多数房企也开始提前储备资金,保证年终的现金流动性。其中,中期票据和境内银行贷款分别是国企和民企融资主入口。 此外,在融资成本上,克而瑞数据显示,2022年12月,100家典型房企新增债券类融资成本4.34%,环比提高0.7个百分点,同比下降0.18个百分点。其中,融资成本最低的为中海地产发行的公司债,票面利率2.25%。 2022年全年房企融资数据仍显低迷 虽然2022年底房企融资数据翘尾,但是纵观全年,仍显低迷。 据中指研究院统计数据显示,2022年1-12月,房地产行业共实现非银类融资8457.4亿元,同比下降50.7%。 克而瑞统计数据显示,2022年100家典型房企全年融资总量为8240亿元,同比减少38%,这是自2016年以来首次低于1万亿元,主要是因为2022年房企流动性危机大面积爆发,民营房企的融资规模长期低迷。 同策研究院监测的40家典型上市房企融资数据显示,2022年其融资总额为5697.23亿元,较前一年下降27%,连续3年下滑。 同策研究院分析称,去年以来房企融资一直处于低谷,前10个月虽然出台了一系列融资方面的指导政策,但是房企融资环境并未得到有效改善,实际情况是融资环境在进一步恶化,下半年比前一年下滑速度更快,直到11月房地产行业融资政策密集出台,从信贷、债券、股权三个融资渠道为房地产企业提供政策支持;12月,房企融资终于迎来了小高峰。 预计今年上半年是房企融资窗口期 进入新的一年,房企的偿债压力有多大?房企融资环境还将有多大程度的宽松? 2023年一季度,房企迎来偿债高峰。中指研究院数据显示,2023年一季度为首个偿债高峰,其中,信用债中有近400亿元、海外债中有近700亿元为出险企业的到期债务,占一季度到期债务的四成。 “我们统计,2023年房企到期信用债及海外债合计9579.6亿元,相比上年多700亿元,房企偿债规模有增无减。特别是2023年一季度的1月、3月,房企偿债规模均超千亿元,4月、7月也超千亿元,这几个月房企偿债压力较大。”中指研究院企业研究总监刘水如是说。 但从另一方面来看,政策环境也在持续宽松中。2023年1月10日,人民银行、银保监会联合召开主要银行信贷工作座谈会,其中提到,实施改善优质房企资产负债表计划,聚焦专注主业、合规经营、资质良好、具有一定系统重要性的优质房企,开展“资产激活”“负债接续”“权益补充”“预期提升”四项行动。同时,要落实好16条金融支持房地产市场平稳健康发展的政策措施,用好民营企业债券融资支持工具(“第二支箭”),保持房企信贷、债券等融资渠道稳定,满足行业合理融资需求。 对此,刘水分析称,去年11月以来,支持房企融资的“三支箭”持续推进,这些房企融资渠道将继续发挥作用,2023年有望延续融资宽松的环境。 同策研究院也认为,从政策和市场表现来看,预计今年上半年会是房企融资的窗口期。 政策宽松下,能否抓住机会还在于企业自身。中指研究院分析称,在行业供给端利好尽出的背景下,房企融资端流动性紧张问题将得以明显改善。企业要抓住当前融资窗口期,根据自身情况积极对接资金供给方,既要优化债务规模和结构,也要及时补充流动性,更要借助融资力量拉动销售端,推动经营端流动性回暖,从根本上解决流动性问题。 中国网客户端 国家重点新闻网站,9语种权威发布 |